Four Theories Of Criminology Seminole State College

Four Theories of Criminology Kendy Menelas Seminole State College Author Note Kendy Menelas, Department of English, Seminole State College This research was supported in part by the Federal Pell grant Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kendy Menelas, Department of English, Seminole State College, Sanford, FL 32773. Contact: kendym@live.seminolestate.edu Abstract This paper summarizes four theories of criminology. Rational choice theory states that criminals act based on a thought process that weighs the pros and cons of criminality. Criminologists who believe in this theory feel that most criminals are people capable of having rational thoughts before committing a crime. Trait theory is the view of criminology that suggests criminality is a product of abnormal biological or psychological traits. Criminologists who believe in this theory feel that criminals choose to commit crime because of a brain anomaly or chemical imbalance. Social structure theory is â€Å"a view that disadvantaged economic class position is a primary cause of crime† (Seigel 139). Those who follow this theory often believe social forces can have a great effect on whether or not a person commits a crime. An example would be those who are poor are more being more prone to commit crime. Social process theory is a view that criminality depends on how a person interact s with different organizations and institutions and processes in society. For example, a family would be considered

The Knowledge Of The Arts And Science Essay - 971 Words

In Metaphysics 1.1 , Aristotle claims â€Å"All men by nature desire to know† (980a) and that this knowledge is freedom. Shortly after claiming man’s want to have knowledge, he begins to distinguish between man and animal; all animals have the knowledge of sense - feeling the cold of a snowflake, or the seeing the sun go down - this all beings have. Aristotle then goes on to describe additional types of knowledge that become more exclusive to the human experience as they go further. Memory knowledge, that only some animals have; the knowledge of experience even less animals have - although some might argue that animals don’t have this knowledge and in fact, this is where the types of knowledge become a privilege that only humans can possess - and finally, the knowledge of art and science, which is agreed that only humans have. It is this type of knowledge that Aristotle says is only allowed once we have the freedom from our most basic needs of survival. Knowledge of the arts and science is the highest level, â€Å"for it was when almost all the necessities of life and the things that make for comfort and recreation had been secured, that such knowledge began to be sought† (982b.22-24.) This freedom, the freedom of learning the most honorable of the levels of knowledge, is highly valued by Aristotle and according to Simonides, only â€Å"God alone can have this privilege† (982b.30). Knowledge of the arts and sciences if rather the knowledge of the what AND the why - take for example theShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Ethical Decisions on the Discovery of Knowledge in the Natural Science and Art1075 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Science cannot stop while ethics catches up†¦ and nobody should expect scientists to do all the thinking for the country† Elvin Charles Stakman (http://www.cesim.fr). The quote illustrates how science and ethics are interconnected but ethics is hindering what science can achieve. The knowledge is sue I will be addressing is what impact do ethical decisions have on limiting the discovery of knowledge in the natural sciences and arts? One day in biology class we were discussing the potential benefitsRead MoreIn Areas of Knowledge Such as the Arts or the Sciences, Do We Learn More from Work That Follows or That Breaks with Accepted Convention?1825 Words   |  8 PagesTOK ESSAY In areas of knowledge such as the arts and the sciences, do we learn more from work that follows or that breaks with accepted conventions? Question 6: In areas of knowledge such as the arts and the sciences, do we learn more from work that follows or that breaks with accepted conventions? Is it possible that we learn equally from seemingly contradictory situations of work that follows and work that breaks with accepted conventions? Stereotypically the sciences and mathematics are allRead MoreThe Natural Sciences And The Arts1179 Words   |  5 Pagesthe natural sciences and the arts. 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Business Law Scenario Commercial Property Free Essays

To develop what you believe is a terrific idea for a video game, you lease 50,000 square feet in an office building from Commercial Property, LLC, under a written five-year lease. Your goal is to put the game on the market within two years. Several months into the term, a competitor unexpectedly releases a new game title featuring play that would make your game appear to be a poorly crafted imitation. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Law Scenario Commercial Property or any similar topic only for you Order Now Can you assign the lease to another party? Explain. You would need the landlord here to get approval to an assignment of the lease. Any task would require a contract since the current lease is between you the tenant and the landlord. All leases hold some type of clause that requires the landlord to consent to a project or sub lease. In most situations the landlord would permit the obligation of your lease assuming that he or she has proper credit history. But in some cases it depends on the limited liability company and if it allows it. What your competitor does has no affect on your lease. It would be nice to help recover some money that they have invested in the lease and to recover some of the loss, if it is aloud, hopefully the commercial property limited liability company allows it, because that would be really nice to recover some cost and not be completely in the whole. You would have to hope that a commercial property limited liability company would work with you, but in some cases a lease is a lease no questions asked and if they decide no then that is all you can do and you will have to take a loss. But I think if you are honest you will be okay and they will be fair. How to cite Business Law Scenario Commercial Property, Essays

Enterprise System for Management-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Enterprise System For Management. Answer: Introduction It is a bundle of technology wrapped in the form of software packages to improve the business functions by strengthening the overall information flow. It is essential to use various enterprise systems by an entity to improve the reporting channels in which higher authority will keep track on the activities of their subordinates. It can say that is this system crafted by the needs of the business which is flexible immature which gets fluctuates with the passage of time. Confidentiality of the available information in a business is important to get the sustainable competitive advantage over its competitors. At the same time, leaking of this business information would affect the overall interest of an entity. Enterprise resource planning systems As the names suggest resource planning, the current software helps an entity in managing the overall inventory held by an entity to increase the overall returns of the firm. This package is a mixture of both software and technology that helps in meeting the business needs of the firm by offering real-time benefit to both the internal as well as external users. It is integrated software package which targets both monetary and qualitative aspects of a business. Tally ERP 9.0 and 7.2 is ERP software to book all the business transactions in the software to generate financial reports. This software helps in managing current inventory in the business to maximise the current production. Enterprise planning systems The focus of an entity is to evaluate the internal and external factors of the business to focus on the strengths of the business by eliminating all its weaknesses to stay ahead in the terms of the competition in a market. PESTLE analysis conduct by the firm to know the view of the external industry as this acronym stands for political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors in the external business environment. Project management is software utilises by an entity in managing a particular project by achieving all the aims and targets. Customer relationship management software Customers are the king of the market as every seller tries to satisfy the needs and expectations of all the buyers to ensure their survival for a longer span of time as compared to their competitors. Customer relationship software is a weapon that helps an individual in knowing the views and options of all the consumers who uses the products of an entity. The business works on the demands of their customers by making changes in the products. Evaluation Advantages of Enterprise system It helps in enhancing productivity of the business along with their employees by accomplishing all the targets on time. Business security gets increases by implementing this software as this software bounds an organization to follow regulatory guidelines. Disadvantages Expensive softwares Requires time in testing the software ERP is not customizable Functional And Technical Evaluation Of Erp Functional ERP software utilises for various functions of an entity such as accounting, distribution, manufacturing, HRIS, inventory management, procurement of goods and customer relationship management. It is integrated with other software such as production equipment, product scanning. Technical Selecting the best vendors on the basis of good features offer by them User friendliness of the same is to be check by an individual before selecting appropriate software. Competitors choice of ERP and vendor Systems application program (SAP) Oracle Importance Of Enterprise System For Management Secures large number of data with protection Automate business functions Improve quality of the service References Ali, M. and Miller, L., 2017. ERP System Implementation in Large Enterprises-A Systematic Literature Review.Journal of Enterprise Information Management. 30(4 Garg, P., Garg, P., Khurana, R. and Khurana, R., 2017. Applying structural equation model to study the critical risks in ERP implementation in Indian retail.Benchmarking: An International Journal. 24(1). pp.143-162. Jinno, H., Abe, H. and Iizuka, K., 2017. Consideration of ERP Effectiveness: From the Perspective of ERP Implementation Policy and Operational Effectiveness.Information. 8(1). p.14. Sadigh, B.L. and et.al., 2017. An ontology-based multi-agent virtual enterprise system (OMAVE): part 2: partner selection.International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, pp.1-21

Second Treatise Of Government By John Locke Essays - Philosophy

Second Treatise Of Government By John Locke n the Second Treatise of Government by John Locke, he writes about the right to private property. In the chapter which is titled ?Of Property? he tells how the right to private property originated, the role it plays in the state of nature, the limitations that are set on the rights of private property, the role the invention of money played in property rights and the role property rights play after the establishment of government.. In this chapter Locke makes significant points about private property. In this paper I will summarize his analysis of the right to private property, and I will give my opinion on some of the points Locke makes in his book. According to Locke, the right to private property originated when God gave the world to men. Locke makes the argument that when God created the world for man, he gave man reason to make use of the world to the best advantage of life, and convenience. What he means by that is, that God made this world for man, and when he made it he gave man the right to use what is in this world to his benefit. Locke explains that every man has property in his own person, and that nobody has any right to that property but that person. The author states that ?whatsoever then he removes out of the state of nature hath provided, and left it in, he hath mixed his labour with, and joined to it something that is his own, and thereby makes it his property (Locke pg. 19)?. What Locke means by that statement is that once a person removes something out of its original state of nature that something becomes that persons property. After someone gains this property are there any limitations on that property? Locke believes that there are limitations on that property. Locke believes that God has given us all things richly, and that man may use those things as long as he takes what he needs. Men can have property as long as they obtained it rightfully, and as long as they use discretion. If those limitations were overlooked when the person was ge tting the property the property was not obtained rightfully. In the chapter the rights of property, Locke tells the role that the invention of money plays in property rights. Money was invented because people were abusing their property rights. With the creation of money things were given value, and this invention prevented people from taking more than they could afford. Money was an invention that men could keep without spoiling. Men could exchange money for truly useful, but perishable supports of life. This invention plays a big role in the property rights. Now that there is money people have to use that money to get what they need instead of taking whatever they want as was the case before the invention of money. According to Locke, individual property rights change after government was established. He believes that in governments, the laws regulate the right of property, and the possession of land is determined by positive constitutions. Before the establishment of government A mericans had the rights to property as long as they used it before it spoiled, and as long as they didn't take more than they needed, and as long as they obtained it rightfully. After government, there were laws and restrictions pertaining to property. These laws and restrictions were established to secure protection of those who had property. I believe that some of Locke's views on the rights to private property are right. I agree with his thoughts of the way property rights originated, the limitations he said were placed on property rights, and his thoughts of why money was invented. I also agree with his take on the role property rights played after government was established. I think that government plays a very important part in the protection of property. Without the laws that are made by the government there would be many problems with property rights. People still have the right to have any property they want as long as they can afford it and as long as it is obtained proper ly.

Cat essays

Cat essays In the novel Cat's Eye, by Margaret Atwood, the main character is a middle-aged painter named Elaine Risley. As Elaine returns to Toronto for a retrospective of her paintings, she is plagued by the memeories of her childhood. She led a life unlike that of a typical young female: playing with dolls and tea sets, and wearing dresses. Instead, Elaine was accustomed to a life of insect hunting and constantly changing residences. After moving into a new home and environment, Elaine was faced with the task of becoming accustomed to a new lifestyle and new friends. Elaine's childhood memories reveal the grim actions of her friends Cordelia, Grace and Carol. Despite this, she places them on a pedestal. This creates in Elaine a desire to become one of them, to be accepted by them. Her insecurities about her femininity and her desire to be accepted cause Elaine to beocme an accomplice to her oppressors. Elaine's insecurity is depicted in her first experience at the Queen Mary Public School where the boys are separated from the girls, and the girls are separated from the boys: "So I am left to the girls, real girls at last, in the flesh. But I am not used to girls, or familiar with their customs. I feel awkward around them, I don't know what to say. I know the unspoken rules of the boys, but with girls I sense that I am always on the verge of some unforseen, calamitous blunder." (50) With Elaine's first encounter with "real girls", she instantly feels like a stranger looking in from the outside. She does not know how to behave when she is with the girls. When she is with them, she feels unsure about herself, and threfore she is left feeling out of place. Elaine's insecurity and feelings of not belonging become sensed by her friends, especially by Cordelia. Once Cordelia realizes that she has complete control over Elaine, she keeps Elaine subservient by treating her harshly, stating that it is for her own good: ...

Grades 9-12 Lesson plan on Political Status Of Puerto Rico for a Assignment

Grades 9-12 Lesson plan on Political Status Of Puerto Rico for a foreign language class (Spanish) in Florida USA - Assignment Example It demonstrates the power of the country to manage its foreign relations with other nations or states. 2. Citizenship is defined as person(s) entitled to enjoy privileges granted and all the legal rights by a state to its people who comprise a constituency and is mandated to obey and respect all the laws. They should also fulfill duties and responsibilities. 3. Rights of residents are governed by their ability to exercise their constitutional mandate to participate in political processes such as voting in local and national elections, representing their countries in various activities and functions and actively getting involved in nation building as one people. Importance: It is crucial for students in a foreign language class to appreciate the concept of level of autonomy, citizenship and rights of residents. It will help the students to understand the level of independence of the people of Puerto Rico, and the status of their citizenship in relation to the Jones-Shafroth Act of 191 7. The Spanish students will also appreciate the role of Spanish as a language in creating a holistic picture of what entails the other issues like political participation, judiciary and taxation. II. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE(S)/OUTCOMES (What Is to Be Learned) 1. Objective By the end of this lesson, the students will have understood the meaning of Level of autonomy, citizenship and rights of residents. ... LACC.K.SL.2.4: Explain relevant concepts such as ethnicity, nationhood, leadership, and bill of rights and, with guidance and support, avail additional information. LACC.K.SL.2.5: Provide pictures, maps and Google images of people, infrastructure and political settings to descriptions as needed to give significant detail. LACC.K.L.1.1: Show command of understanding Spanish using standardized grammar and usage when writing or speaking. LACC.K.W.1.1: Use a connection of pictures, audio-visuals displays and writing to present and compose opinion pieces, which guides a reader through the topic or the name of the book they are reading. The learners should identify with their favorite audio-visual like the making of a nation, independence struggles and the people of Puerto Rico. 3. Goal 3 Standards Standard 1: Spanish class in Florida can locate, understand, interpret, analyze, keep, and apply information, ideas and concepts found in social science, the symbols, symbols, arts, recordings, video and audio displays, and computer files so as to carry out tasks and/or for understanding. The students will show an understanding and following directions to read a map. Standard 2: Florida students communicate in Spanish and other languages using Information, concepts, symbols, prose, reports, video and audio recordings, graphic displays, speeches and computer-related programs. The students will write, read, and use technical support like projectors to do their activity. Standard 3: Spanish class in Florida use creative thinking skills to produce new concepts and ideas, make the optimal decision that recognizes and solves problems through interpretation of maps, reasoning, and come up with effective methods to lifelong learning.

Orestes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Orestes - Essay Example But both are in big trouble. A faction in Athens wants to execute them both for murder. They turn to their uncle Menelaus for protection, but they are betrayed. Eventually the god Apollo appears and fixes all of the problems between the people, but for some time it was very close. The themes of this play are timeless: family honour, the divine, the meaning of war. Nevertheless, these themes could always use some updating and this was done very effectively at the Getty Villa production of Orestes. To be honest, I was very impressed. The differences between this production and one done in ancient Greek are clear. To begin with, in Greece, the play would have been performed in an amphitheatre; in Getty Villa it was performed on a stage in front of a modern audience in modern day California (a state that would not have been settled back in Ancient Greece). In the traditional performance, the actors would have been all male and would probably have worn masks to show their different emotions. In the modern interpretation their costumes are made of nicer material and they are able to act in very innovative ways (some even using the Stravinsky method or method acting). Some of these things would have been seen by the Ancient Greeks to be improvements on the originalà ¢â‚¬â€for example, they would be sitting in the sun in California instead of in Greece, a country with four distinct seasons. They would probably get used to the actors not using masks, but they may have objected to some of the roles being played by women: ancient Greeks thought women were inferior and should not be allowed to act. This meant that men played the roles of women. It would certainly be strange to see a big burly man playing the role of Helen, the most beautiful woman in the world! One final point, the physical space of any theatre is vital to the success of a performance. I found the use of space at the Getty Villa production wonderful. The acoustics worked perfectly and the actors

Executives Pay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Executives Pay - Essay Example Furthermore, the article argues that shortage of good executives would drive pay up even further in the future. The top 250 executives do not have a big difference in talent; it's merely a case of the size of the company these executives run. Also, Lucian Bebchuk argues that pay is not parallel to performance or productivity, and that CEO's take great care to hide their true compensation. The practices of the bankers brought the financial system on the brink of collapse. After help from taxpayer dollars, the financial system is getting back to normal and paychecks are reaching are in line with financial recovery. These are times of rising unemployment and executives are using all forms of power within their reach to stop any reforms from the government. Is the U.S. government ready to take on the bankers just yet Mr. Summers criticized the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and their campaign of forming an agency to protect consumers against financial abuses. But apart from this, a major change in the way executives are paid is required. Executives are paid huge amounts when they deliver short term profits, but they aren't punished when their short term decisions turn into long-term barriers for growth and profit. They walk away with their rewards, leaving their corporation in trouble and hence, pushing the financial system into rubble. The Fed wants to enact laws which would decrease executive salaries if banks face losses, and it would make it compulsory for banks to link pay with long term results rather than short term. The administration's stance on reforming pay structure is not just a populist stance, but also good politics and good economics. Outline II-Economic Analysis A Contrarian Look at Whether U.S. Chief Executives Are Overpaid According to this article, CEO Pay is measured by the increase or decrease in the stock value of the company. In the past two decades, pay has increased in line with increases in the market capitalization of corporations. The writer is off the opinion that increases in stock value is a sign that economic decisions made by the executives are quality ones, and hence, they deserve high pay. Another argument that they present is the fact that the number of companies is more relative to the number of good executives. Therefore, an executive or CEO who worked for a big company would easily get a CEO position in another company and get paid high salary. Part of the reason for this is the shortage of CEO's in the United States. Perhaps, the demand and supply in other countries is at a better equilibrium and this has resulted in lower relative salaries. The advocates of reformed pay structure argue that high pay is correlated to bad governance and is not related to productivity. Reform or Bust This article points out that since executives are not punished when their corporation faces loss, but given rewards when their decisions cause short term profits, it facilitates excessive risk taking on part of the executives. Executives take risk because there is no accountability. Furthermore, the author of the article says that the Fed is considering making it compulsory for banks to link pay with long term performance. This would make CEO's more accountable and would urge them to try their best

Implementing Technology in Mental Health Practice

Implementing Technology in Mental Health Practice Introduction People wish to live a meaningful life even while suffering from mental health problems. Adam Clifford, a clinical nurse specialist at Nottinghamshire Healthcare, wrote Using Video Technology to Manage Mental Health for Learning Disability Practice, he states that forty percent of the population has additional mental health problems. Majority of this forty percent is embarrassed or uncomfortable in accessing mental health care (2014). In A Rural Youth Consumer Perspective of Technology to Enhance Face-to-Face Mental Health Services from Journal Of Child & Family Studies written by Simone Orlowski who is affiliated with Flinders Human Behavior & Health Research Unit at Flinders University, explains that mental health treatment that is aimed towards anxiety and depression is based on four main functions; information provision, screening, assessment, and monitoring (Lawn, S., Antezana, G., Venning, A., Winsall, M., Bidargaddi, N., & Matthews, B. 2016). Implementing technology in health c are services can offer advantages and disadvantages for people with mental health issues. Technology will positively impact mental health care services, by making it more accessible for people with limited financial flexibility and transportation, young adults with mental illnesses will feel more comfortable seeking help or advice, and it will give a better and more accurate experience for both the patient and professional. Limited financial flexibility and availability of transport: Mental health care support is a vital aid which is not accessible to some people because of financial costs and transportation needs. The promise and the reality: a mental health workforce perspective on technology-enhanced youth mental health service delivery, an article written by Simone Orlowski from BMC Health Services Research, states thattechnology will make mental health services more accessible for young adults who have limited financial flexibility or do not have means of transport (2016). The combination of limited financial and transportation aid gives restricted opportunities for mental health care services not located at home. Recent developments from using online resources and mobile technologies to support mental health care has shown improvement for people with restricted financial and transportation support. Turvey, C. L, Head of the Department of Psychiatry at Carver College of Medicine wrote Recent developments in the use of online resources and mobile technologies to support mental health care for the International Review Of Psychiatry, he suggests house based health-related mobile applications and web-based electronic mental health problems as solutions for people who have limited transportation and financials (Roberts, L. J. 2015). Young adults feel uncomfortable seeking help or advice: 20% of young Australians between the ages of fifteen to nineteen suffer from the symptoms of mental illness and 60% of those teens are uncomfortable seeking help or advice for their mental illness (Orlowski. S, 2016). A Rural Youth Consumer Perspective of Technology to Enhance Face-to-Face Mental Health Services written by Sharon Lawn, the director of the Flinders Human Behaviour and Health Research Unit at Flinders University, expresses that the increase in percentage of teens who feel uncomfortable asking for help decreases engagement for youth towards mental health services, technology can increase engagement by using similar methods used in teen’s day to day life (Journal Of Child & Family Studies. Orlowski, S., Antezana, G., Venning, A., Winsall, M., Bidargaddi, N., & Matthews, B. 2016). Young adults constantly use their cellphones and always have them by their side, Turvey from The International Review of Psychiatry states the proposition given for mobile apps in mental health is based on the ideal that they will always be with the patient. If the mobile device with the app is with them all the time it can help promote their clinical goals for example a person with a chronic psychotic disorder would get a notification at medication time. Mild to moderate depression and anxiety can be treated through another method of self-guided or professional facilitated therapies that are delivered via internet. Lastly, the part that would appeal most to young adults is that patients can use these applications and programs in private with no interactions with professionals (Turvey, C. L., Roberts, L. J. 2015). Better experience for patient and the professional Implementing technology can improve the experience for both the patient and professional. Technology can give a more accurate treatment without completely replacing face to face interactions. It can be implemented through predictive analytics, increased consumer input, self-management, and inclusive stakeholder communication, these reasons for implementing technology into mental health services are under researched (Orlowski, S., Lawn, S., Antezana, G., Venning, A., Winsall, M., Bidargaddi, N., & Matthews, B. 2016). Extra sensory perception an article from Scientific American written by Gershon Dublon, a Ph.D. student at the M.I.T. media lab and Joseph A. Paradiso, an associate professor of media arts and sciences at the Media Lab from the stimulus packet helps piece together how technology will help mental health care services. Different sensors described by Dublon and Paradiso will change how comfortable patients feel in an environment or how professionals can give the patient a better experience. Temperature sensors can determine the temperature and relative humidity in the room as measure by dense sensor network. Sound sensors will help a patient recognize the movement and sound in a room, so it can be adjusted to their preference. Overall, the temperature and sound sensors will give the professional and patient better control of the environment. The data collected by these sensors can be used as references in the future to experience data from the past in multiple perspectives. Guarav Singh, head of the department of psychiatry at the Medical College Hospital and Research Center in Uttar Pradesh, India, wrote Use of Mobile Phone Technology to Improve follow-up at a Community Mental Health Clinic: A Randomized Control Trial published by Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, in this article he emits the fact that missed appointments are common in outpatient care for mental health-care services. Even with the need of further treatment 16-60% will not follow up with their appointments. The suggested method for improving follow up in outpatient care is through short message service (SMS) and voice calls via telephone. Counter-argument The mental health workforce fears that technology will have a negative effect on their services believes that it will disclose privacy and confidentiality from issues within the technology programs (Orlowski, S., Lawn, S., Antezana, G., Venning, A., Winsall, M., Bidargaddi, N., & Matthews, B. 2016). Technology is believed to increase the workload for professionals and uphold disengagement from face-to-face therapy. Relating to the idea of face-to-face therapy, in The Historian as Participant from The Historian and the World of the Twentieth Century written by Arthur Schlesinger Jr. was an American historian, social critic, and public intellectual, eyewitness history is considered valuable for historians. In this situation eyewitness history and face-to-face therapy hold a connection in the importance of how eyewitnesses can more accurately identify critical factors in the process of these events. Eyewitness history holds a different perspective to history, it shows the way people think and feel. When implementing technology into mental health care services and decreasing the amount of face-to-face contact, the input of emotions given by the professional is eliminated. Solution The implementation of technology can be approached from different angles such as implementation programs for mental health care services. Simone Orlowski states that most technology solutions include mental health self-help programs which are more independent for the participant. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy interventions (iCBT’s) which treats mild to moderate mental health problems such as depression and anxiety or mobile apps for self-management and self-treatment which will help limit interactions with health professionals to little or none. People with more severe cases of mental problems will struggle with self-help programs and will need to consult with professionals. Telepscychiatry which is meant for more severe cases that would require input from professionals via video conferences. Telepscychiatry can allow patients with limited financial abilities and limited technology availability to obtain therapy affordable to them (Lawn, S., Matthews, B., Venning, A., Wyld, K., Jones, G., & Bidargaddi, N. 2016). People in programs like Telepscychiatry are limited to the variety of mental health professionals available for face-to-face therapy. Mobile apps are one of the aforementioned solutions for mental health care services. The functions supported by mobile apps, online health programs, or personal health records overlap in information and abilities. The three technological programs give standard mental health scales or electronic messages reminders to promote health behavior. Mobile apps are the preferred program which offer functions such as targeted educational content, structured mental health assessments, symptom or behavior logs, and context sensing or unobtrusive monitoring (Turvey, C. L., & Roberts, L. J. 2015). Conclusion Technology will improve mental health care services for young adults who feel uncomfortable seeking help, people with constrained financial and transporting utilities, and it will improve the course of treatment for both patient and professional.The mental health workforce is opposed to the implementation of technology because complications in patient confidentiality and privacy. Technology self-help programs via internet and mobile apps will be available for people suffering from depression, anxiety, and other conditions. Telepscychiatry will be available for people who cannot benefit from self-help programs. The limitations to these solutions are the level the patients conditions and the decreased expertise of professionals that only work with face-to-face patients. The implementation of these programs with their limitations will improve mental health care services, but not completely rewire how it works. References Clifford, A. (2014). Using video technology to manage mental health. Learning Disability Practice, 17(7), 24-28. Dublon, G., & Paradiso, J. A. (2014, July). Extra sensory perception. Scientific American, 38-41. Orlowski, S., Lawn, S., Matthews, B., Venning, A., Wyld, K., Jones, G., & Bidargaddi, N.   (2016). The promise and the reality: a mental health workforce perspective on technology-enhanced youth mental health service delivery. BMC Health Services Research, 161-12. doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1790-y Orlowski, S., Lawn, S., Antezana, G., Venning, A., Winsall, M., Bidargaddi, N., & Matthews, B. (2016). A Rural Youth Consumer Perspective of Technology to Enhance Face-to-Face Mental Health Services. Journal Of Child & Family Studies, 25(10), 3066-3075. doi:10.1007/s10826-016-0472-z Schlesinger, A., Jr. (1971). The historian as participant. In J. Grenville (Author), The historian and the world of the twentieth century (Spring ed., Vol. 100, pp. 339-358). Singh, G., Manjunatha, N., Rao, S., Shashidhara, H. N., Moirangthem, S., Madegowda, R.   K., & Varghese, M. (2017). Use of Mobile Phone Technology to Improve follow-up at a Community Mental Health Clinic: A Randomized Control Trial. Indian Journal Of Psychological Medicine, 39(3), 276-280. doi:10.4103/0253-7176.207325 Turvey, C. L., & Roberts, L. J. (2015). Recent developments in the use of online resources and mobile technologies to support mental health care. International Review of Psychiatry, 27(6), 547-557. doi:10.3109/09540261.2015.1087975

Snowcrash :: Technology Electronics Cyberspace Essays

Snowcrash The day was finally here, the day to pick our novels to read for the semester. Being Nick I hadnt even looked at the reading list and the time was here to pick my novel. My friend in the class Maygan let me look at the reading list for a brief second. I skimmed through the list looking for an interesting book title and maybe a title that I could relate something in my life to. I picked the novel SnowCrash, by Neal Stephenson. SnowCrash, sounded like a fun snowboarding novel or winter novel that would be fun to read. Maybe something about a snow mobile crash. This book has no snow at all in it. . I was way off. This book has a more optimistic look on our future, and the outcome of our present technology. The book turns out to have a typical underdog vs. the world theme, but the plot is so intriguing that this should not dissuade you of the quality. One of the most distinctive features of cyberpunk is the technological aspect. Traditional science fiction dealt with things that were pos sible, but not probable. Cyberpunk not only deals possible, not just the probable, but technology that man already has. This is not to say that cyberpunks do not have there fair share of far flung imaginative human interface hookups and so forth, but they are talking about technology that if it were to be developed, it would be within the writers life time or so. The other difference in the technology that is described in cyberpunk is how it is used. Almost every person in the stories has access to the technology. More importantly, the technology involved normally allows for extreme human inter-action with it. The writer will make computers and humans connect, and allow the computer to alter the mind, human social behaviors, and/or society itself. Cyberpunk futures make computers not only become a part of everyday life, but a integral element for survival and prosperity. This aspect is the main plot in Gibson's novel. His main character, Chase, needs to find a way to reverse the damage in a chip in his head for him to do the type of work he wanted to do. Before cyberpunk, humans had control over their technology, and it was a separate entity, but now the distinction over how much a person is human and how much of them are machine is not so clear.

Family theories Essay

In this answer, I am going to discuss about the conjugal relationship in modern industrial societies. This means I will assess the claim that conjugal relationships are based on equality in modern industrial societies. I plan to structure my answer from housework and childcare, power and money management. The hours worked between husband and wife become more equal by the increased participation by women in the labour market have led to more equality in modern family life. This view is highly supported by many sociologists like Young and Willmott who suggest that the family is becoming more symmetrical and therefore, is in fact becoming more egalitarian via a ‘march of progress. ’ They suggest that the family is gradually improving in terms of equality as there has been a trend away from segregated conjugal roles and more of a shift towards joint ones. This they argue is due to major social changes in that women are more financially dependant with employment opportunities and so there is less of a need to rely on extended kin. This is further explained by Gershuny who suggests that because women have these employment opportunities, they are more likely to do less domestic work. This is shown by the item as it suggests that ‘men were making more of an effort to do housework when their wives were in full-time employment. By this change of position for women, it has meant that men are now more responsible for different household tasks therefore suggesting that equality within modern family life is evident and so this view seems correct. He emphasises the change in social values as a reason for this which is also supported by Sullivan’s study (2000) which found an increase in equal division of labour. This supports Young and Willmott’s ‘march of progress’ view that conjugal roles are becoming more symmetrical; thus suggesting that the view of equal gender roles and relationships is likely. Also, due to post-modern society, there are better living conditions compared to those during industrialisation and so this has drawn the men back into the family and thus has enabled them to help with housework and childcare as well as providing leisure time; enhancing equality in relationships. The social changes have meant that equality is becoming evident and so the statement seems highly likely. However, the functionalist view of equality in modern family life has been highly criticised particularly by feminists like Ann Oakley (1974). Oakley rejects the ‘March of progress’ view described by Young and Willmott as she suggests that this is simply exaggerated as we still live in a patriarchal society where women do most of the housework. She suggested that the methodology used by Young and Willmott was hardly convincing as their questions lacked in detail. In Oakley’s research, she found only 15% of husbands had a high participation in housework, showing how the statement is flawed as this clearly does not show evidence of equality in relationships and gender roles. Despite Gershuny suggesting that paid work entitled equality for women, Oakley suggested that this was only an extension of the housewife role. Therefore, unlike Parsons claim of a ‘natural’ role, feminists argue that this was socially constructed to enforce dependence on men which became worse with industrialisation as it forced women to stay within the home. Thus, it is clear that joint conjugal roles are not as ‘joint’ as functionalists initially suggested they were as the social changes have only exacerbated the role of women suggesting this so called equality does not exist. Besides, other feminists like Elsa Ferri and Kate Smith (1996) suggest that the changed position of women in terms of employment has only created a dual burden as they now have to undertake paid work as well as the unpaid housewife role. Ferri and Smith suggest that unlike Gershuny, increased employment has had little impact of the domestic labour as fewer than 4% of families had a father responsible for childcare. Therefore, women still remain responsible for the children as well as their employment responsibility; clearly suggesting that modern family life is not as equal as it seems. The dual burden is also supported by Dunscombe and Marsden’s theory of a triple burden in that women are expected to do the double shift of housework and paid work but also the caring of the emotional welfare of the family. This clearly disputes Gershuny’s idea that women are more equal due to employment as the triple burden means that they in fact gain more responsibilities than losing them. Next, feminists ‘point to inequalities of power and control that persist in modern family relationships’ as a key reason for inequality; again challenging the statement. Allan suggests that ideological factors limit women’s power in that they are ‘disadvantaged from the start. ’ This suggests that the family is always going to be founded on inequality; thus suggesting that the view of equality is limited. This is supported by Barrett and McIntosh who suggest that men gain far more from women’s domestic work than they give in financial support and that in turn this support often comes with ‘strings’ attached. Also, men are usually the ones who make decisions about finances despite some families being dual-earners. This is due to the fact that women are statistically still paid on average less than men; enhancing male economic power. Therefore you can question the extent of equality in modern family life. Resources are also said to be shared unequally like Kempson’s (1994) study among low-income families. This leaves women in poverty and so restricts their power in the family which creates an atmosphere of inequality in conjugal relationships. This is further explained by feminists Pahl and Vogler (1993) who focused on the effects of decision making within the family through ideas like ‘pooling’ and ‘allowance systems. They found a 31% increase in pooling where both partners have joint decision responsibility as well as a decline in allowance systems. However, it was still evident that men usually made huge financial decisions. Edgell also supports this as the levels of decision making are not equal due to the male economic power that still exists. Therefore, women have less say in the decisions and thus it is obvious that the view that gender roles and relationships are becoming more equal is incorrect as inequality in pay and decisions still exist. Similarly, this inequality of power has led to domestic violence which clearly shows how inequality is evident in that relationships are being gender dominated. Radical feminists like Millett and Firestone (1970) use domestic violence as a way to show that society is primarily founded on patriarchy and that men oppress and exploit women. They suggest that the inequality of power within the family maintains men’s power and so domestic violence is inevitable. Similarly, Dobash and Dobash suggest that marriage legitimises violence against women as it provides the male with power and the women with dependency, therefore evidently showing no signs of equality. Thus, this disputes the statement of gender roles and relationships becoming more equal with 1 in 4 women being assaulted in their lifetime according to Mirrlees-Black. Finally, childcare which is essentially about exercising responsibility for another person who is not fully responsible for herself and it entails seeing to all aspects of the child’s security and well-being, her growth and development at any and all times. Mary Boulton ( 1983 ) argues the exaggeration in the extent of men’s involvement in childcare and she denies that questions about who does what give a true picture of conjugal roles. She also claims that although men might help with particular tasks, it is their wives who retain primary responsibility for children. It is the wives who relegate non-domestic aspects of their lives to a low priority. This shows that there is still inequality in terms of childcare in conjugal relationships. In addition, Elsa Ferri and Kate Smith provide some empirical support for Boulton by conducting a study based on National Child Development Survey. The survey found it was still very rare for fathers to take primary responsibility for childcare. In both the sample of mothers and the sample of fathers it was very rare in dual-earner families, no-earner families or families where only the mother worked, for the man to be normally responsible for the children or to look after them when they were ill. In almost every category the man was the main carer in 4 percent or less of families. This is also supported by the radical feminist idea of ‘gender scripts’ in that there are expected norms in terms of gender roles and so patriarchal relationships are inevitable. Therefore, they suggest that equality without burdens will only be reached through same-sex relationships as this eliminates the ‘gender script’ idea. Thus, this enhances the inequality of the family, and suggests that the view that conjugal relationships are becoming more equal is in fact incorrect as the inevitability of patriarchal relationships means that equality cannot be established. In conclusion, I have discussed and assessed the view that conjugal relationships are based on equality in modern industrial societies by evaluating three sections which are hours worked, power and childcare. With all of the statement, I believe that conjugal relationships in modern industrial societies are not based on equality.

student motovation essays

student motovation essays Causes of Decrease in Student Motivation When I was given the assignment to identify the causes of decreased student motivation I said to myself "Screw this, I think I'll just go party with my friends and worry about school later." Then, I realized I was a perfect example of a student who lacked motivation. I got to thinking that maybe I could relate to this topic in a very personal way. A few of the causes of the decrease in student motivation are related to delayed gratification for work done, course work often not applying to the student's field of interest, and student's busy The first cause I am going to discuss is delayed gratification. In some classes, the students' progress can be unclear and as result students don't get immediate feedback to motivate them. Assignments and papers are not always collected or graded. Professors simply look at assignments to see of it is done or not. They often don't know how much or how little work went into the preparation of an assignment. All college classes are not worth credit toward a student's degree. The students in these classes are less likely to feel satisfaction upon the course's completion. In some cases, the student must take one to three introductory classes before he or Another factor that contributes to the decrease in student motivation is that the required course work doesn't always seem to apply to the students' field of interest. Students are not always willing to put time into studying or working on assignments if the work is not relevant to them. Students find that it makes more sense to learn about subjects that directly pertain to their future jobs. Students are more motivated when they are learning practical information that they can Busy schedules also hinder student motivation. Often students are involved in too many activities, which ...

How successful have GATT and the WTO been in creating global free trade Essay Example

How successful have GATT and the WTO been in creating global free trade Essay Example How successful have GATT and the WTO been in creating global free trade Essay How successful have GATT and the WTO been in creating global free trade Essay The GATT, otherwise known as the general agreement on tariffs and trade was established in 1947. It started with 23 founding members including the UK, its goal was to establish free trade between nations, it would do this by eliminating tariffs, subsidies, import quotas and any other form that would restrict the freedom of trade between any given country within its membership. It would achieve this not in the short term but over a series of eight rounds of discussions between the member countries in which the strategies to dissemble such barriers to trade would be discussed. After the last round of discussions in Uruguay (1986-93) it was decided that clarification and strengthening of GATT ideologies were needed, out of this desire the World Trade Organisation (WTO) was formed. The WTO was a formal organisation with structure, opposed to the agreement that was The GATT. This meant it had much more influence and power, especially when it came to intervening in trade disputes and enforcing such rules and regulations it had set out in its attempt to move the World closer to free trade. The successfulness of these organisations has been widely disputed over recent years and in this essay I will be looking at their effectiveness in promoting Free Trade. Many people would argue that there is no doubt that the GATT/WTO has been relatively successful to an extent in creating global free trade. The figures over their existence have shown a massive movement towards the globalisation of markets and thus free trade. Between the introduction of The GATT at the Geneva round in 1947 and the completion of Tokyo round of talks in 1979 the average tariff on imports declined 92% in America1. The overall figure for average tariffs on imports in industrial countries actually fell from 40% in 1947 to just about 4% at the end of the 1990s2. This was an astounding result, a result to which GATT/WTO will have played a major role. This undoubtedly lead to an increase in the overall levels of trade between nations and moved the world as whole one-step closer to Free Trade. The statistics actually show that between 1953 and 1963 world trade grew at a rate of 6. 1% per year over that period, whilst World income grew at 4. 3% per year3. Whilst between 1963 and 1973 both World trade and World income grew at even faster rates, with World trade growing at 8. 9% per year on average over the period and World Income growing at 5. 1% per year4. This again shows that the freedom of trade between nations was increasing and that the falling levels of protectionism and barriers to trade were having a positive effect on economic growth. This growth meant nations were becoming more confident on letting down their barriers and investing in foreign markets, as they were now more confident of a positive return. I also believe that the increasing number of countries joining the GATT/WTO and the larger numbers applying to be incorporated into the group is testament to the fact that it was being relatively successful in promoting free trade within its members. Countries outside the GATT/WTO have found themselves at a massive disadvantage, often incurring large trade deficits. This is because companies/consumers within member countries are very unlikely to import/purchase vast amounts of goods from outside the group, as it is likely to be much more expensive due to tariffs still being in place on their goods. Therefore since the creation of GATT in 1947 in which it had 23 members, membership had risen to 120 at the end of the Uruguay round of talks in 1993. In 2000, 7 years after the formation of the WTO we see a membership list of just over 140 countries, with a list of 29 countries negotiating to become members. Most extraordinary is that of these 29 countries negotiating a place within the WTO China is amongst them. Still a country with communistic base it is ready to allow free trade to an extent within its borders, this shows that the GATT/WTO has been quite successful in promoting free trade around the globe. More importantly it shows the extent to which being a member of this organisation is important economically. Therefore the more countries that join the closer the World gets to Ultimate Free Trade, as countries join lower barriers and tariffs will exist in these countries. After the conclusion of the Uruguay round of talks in 1993 the GATT obtained a number of agreements which can only lead the World closer to free trade. This included developed countries reducing tariff rates on imported manufactured goods to fewer than 4%5, this is the lowest tariff level on manufactured goods in history, which goes some way to showing the effectiveness of the GATT. It also agreed that tariffs on textile goods were to be seriously reduced over the next ten years, this is quite important as in many lesser-developed countries this an important industry, therefore it will enable them to export more to the developed World, and thus increase income. Therefore again it shows that the GATT has lead countries to a level of freedom of trade not previously seen. I also believe that the GATT/WTO has been successful in tackling disputes caused by lingering barriers to trade. Therefore if a barrier has been apparent the GATT/WTO has been relatively efficient in dealing with such disputes. Of the cases brought to the WTO since 1995 over 3/4ths had been solved by 20006. This goes some way to show that the WTO is monitoring situations carefully, and in most cases the dispute is resolved on orders of the WTO, In general, the countries involved in a dispute have adopted the WTOs recommendations7. The speed at which these negotiations are completed is testament to its ability to unite countries in one morale goal. This shows that when barriers are put up the WTO more often than not has knocked them down, thus meaning that we now more than ever enjoy more freedom within international markets an that the maintenance work on ensuring it stays this way is greater than ever. There is despite the positive results over the past 55 years many claims that the GATT/WTO has not been quite as successful in creating free trade as it would appear. It has been argued that countries have found ways around the GATT agreement, ways to cheat the system. The main way to cheat the system appeared to be voluntary export restraints (VERs) defined as A quota on trade imposed from the exporting countries side, instead of the importers, at the request of the importing government8. This meant that a country would put a quota on the amount they could export to a country because the importer had asked it to, this was usually undertaken in return for something else (e. g. a VER on one of its own goods. . This meant that both countries had no reason to call foul play, thus they would not make a complaint, without a complaint the GATT was powerless to do anything. This meant that there were indeed certain restrictions between such countries. Although the governments may have been agreed on such quotas, this may have still had a major effect on companies within these countries. Therefore Free Trade was definitely not apparent in these relations hips. The most obvious example of this was the VER agreed between Japan and the U. S. in which Japan would restrict its imports of cars into the U. S. in order to ease growing unease and resentment between the two. This was due to a massive trade deficit in the U. S. and growing unemployment caused by cheap imports pre-dominantly from Japan. Also the major argument against the successfulness of GATT/WTO is that although trade figures have improved amongst the developed nation since its existent, the performance of the lesser-developed countries within international trade has not hit the dizzy heights of the developed nations. From 1950 to 1980 Africa has seen very little change in the levels of foreign direct investment moving into the continent, and certainly no change in the levels at which foreign direct investment is being exerted elsewhere. Also more worryingly a number of developing countries have expressed concerns over the development of the GATT/WTO over recent years of hidden barriers set by developed nations, such as Labour/ Environmental standards to trade. Therefore if a certain standard is not met, restrictions are placed on the amount they can export. They claim this as being a way of keeping out cheap imports. Therefore again we see that there is claims of getting round the system, begging yet more questions on the efficiency of the WTO. It could also be argued that even without the GATT/WTO we might have still found that there was integration of global economic markets. The figures used previously in depicting growth in World trade and World income were taken in the 20 years after W. W. I I. Therefore there is an argument which suggests there was obviously going to be a general increase in World Trade after such a horrendous World war, which virtually brought trade to a stand still, these were recovery years. Thus the end of end of the war itself lead to economic recovery and thus in both World trade and World output we saw an increase. Therefore it is hard to distinguish how much of a role the GATT really played in integrating economies, we may have found that after the war protectionism would have fell anyway, as people felt safer with others. There are also factors to which GATT and the WTO may have differed in performance over the years, despite the fact that the WTO is a direct descendent of the GATT. In previous years although GATT encouraged countries to exhibit free trade, as described previously, it was only a Gentlemans agreement, an agreement between countries in order to progress the international economy. But it had no real substance; there was no power within it, as depicted in the above paragraphs. Thus only the pressure of the members of the group could lead to real change, thus they could not enforce rulings upon countries, even those within the group. Therefore was GATT really responsible for total change with the international economy? Countries within the group may have placed extra tariffs on countries, which did not comply. But wouldnt this of happened regardless of the GATT, collusions would have formed eventually in the after-math of W. W. II, I would suggest. Therefore the success GATT actually had maybe minimal. Maybe in fact the GATT was merely an official formation of already colluded groups. This is merely an open view of the situation. The WTO on the other hand does have power; it does have the power to impose sanctions. This is a much sharper organisation. Whose power extends that of GATT? Although from the figures it is hard to judge the success of the WTO in the few years since its formation, except for the problems between countries it has already solved. There is no doubt that the organisation should prove in the long run to increase free trade within the nations. We could also argue that the improvement in free trade within nations could be the result of technological advances, in the years since 1950 we have seen the development of a world wide airline network, the internet, faxs, telephone communications, satellite and also telexs. All these advances in technology encourage free trade. These are not factors enforced by GATT, but they do have a massive effect on encouraging free trade. Countries could communicate with each other like they could never before. Ventures in foreign countries became less adventurous; there was less of a risk element. These new communication capabilities enabled countries to control trade away from home with much more efficiency. Therefore I believe this is yet another factor which runs alongside the development of GATT/WTO which would also have played a huge part in the development of free trade. It is very hard to trade with another country if you can not communicate with them. Also the fall of the levels communism in many countries including much of the Soviet Union and China would have also played a huge part in the development of free trade. Before the fall of communism in many of these countries, levels of protectionism were high, and receptivity was low. Therefore the fall of communism led to lower levels of protectionism and higher receptivity of foreign trade10 Drawing the subject to a conclusion. I think we see that it is very hard to determine how successful the GATT/WTO have been in creating free trade. As it is shown there are number of other factors which have also lead the world towards an era closer to free trade, such as the advances in technology, the improvement in the money exchange system and the fall of communism to name but a few. All of these factors would in some part been responsible for moving the world towards globalisation. The problem is determining the importance of each factor and this includes WTO and GATT. There is no doubt that WTO/GATT has been successful in reducing tariffs, barriers to free trade as the figures have shown. But are we really that close to total free trade, Im sure the developing world would have some comment on that matter. The WTO/GATT also seemed to find it very hard to halt the invisible barriers to trade, the ways of getting round the system11 Thus although GATT/WTO has now been existent in 55 years, I think that it is very difficult to determine its success over this period.

Schedule and Cost Control Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Schedule and Cost Control Techniques - Essay Example Project Evaluation and Review Technique or PERT as it is called is a model of project management which is basically designed to analyze and represent various tasks related with the project management. CPM or critical path method is the technique developed by DuPont essentially to address the issue of shutting down the plants and then restarting them. In its essence CPM models the activities and events of a project as a network. (NetMBA, 2008) This therefore provides a graphical overview of the project and the project is seen as a series of visualizations of the various interconnected activities related with the project. A) PERT and CPM both view projects as a group of activities which are complex as well as sequential in nature. However both the models also outline some of the activities which can be performed parallel also. B) Both the methodologies consider a project as a series of events which can be performed in order to achieve the desired goals of the project however what is different between the two approaches is the fact that there remains a high degree of uncertainty regarding the completion of project related activities. PERT though is a good method but lacks a clear path to define the timelines attached to various activities of the project. C) One of the most important and a basic difference between the two approaches is the fact that PERT view the project related activities and time association with them as random variables whereas CPM demands a clear, singe deterministic value for each activity related with the project. Thus in doing so both the techniques, if used for project estimation ad scheduling would view both the activities in different time dimensions. For our proposed project of the new email integration, both the tools can be effectively utilized however what is most important is the fact that given the scope and limitations

Mass media in Saudi Arabia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Mass media in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example Saudi Arabia achieves control of the media mainly through the Ministry of Information, which administers the national news agency and the broadcasting services, and is responsible for applying censorship regulations (Rampal, 1994). Simons (2006) states that the three main roles played by mass media are as mirror, witness, and transmitter. This refers to the necessity for media to reflect the news, events, and situations, to observe occurrences of social, political and other interest, and to convey the information, observations and analysis to the general public. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the various aspects of mass media in Saudi Arabia, including its functioning and conditions affecting Arab mass media. 2. An Authoritarian Mass Media System The standard systems of classifying mass media are as authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility and totalitarian (Siebert, Peterson & Schramm, 1963). The Arab media do not fall specifically into any one of the above categories, but some elements of all four systems are found in the mass media system of Saudi Arabia. In most of the Arab countries the media function under different variations of the authoritarian theory; thus, of the four theories this is the one that most closely explains the Saudi Arabian mass media operations. The authoritarian governments in these Arab countries play a part in the use of authoritarian media functions. In the authoritarian system, the media â€Å"support and advance the policies of the government, which controls the media either directly or indirectly through licensing, legal action, or perhaps financial means† (Rugh, 2004, p.23). Rampal (1994) reiterates that despite political reform initiatives, Saudi Arabia remains an absolute monarchy. The authoritarian political system has resulted in a controlled press, particularly since 1958 when the government’s Publications Department was goven to censor publications. The authoritarian reg ime permits the media to discuss society and the machinery of government, but not of the people who hold the political power. This system is built on the theory that truth does not emerge from a great mass of people, but of a few wise men capable of directing and guiding their fellow human beings (Siebert et al, 1963). In the authoritarian system comment and criticism are carefully guided, and lucid goals for the community align with the objectives of the regime

See below Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

See below - Coursework Example Fear of being shown up results when a person lacks brave as well as courage in her capabilities undertaking her job. She, therefore, finds it hard to give the job to her subordinate since they will outperform her. Managers may have difficulty in delegating duties as a result of the absence of trust. She gets a lot of sureties that the particular employee has all the knowledge and ability it needs to undertake a certain task as per the provided guidelines. A manager may have difficulty in delegating duties due to lack of time. When a manager gets overwhelmed with work, she always find herself not having the time to recollect herself and make a decision on the particular staff members to control certain tasks. Others find it difficult to delegate the duties due to the need for control. A manager with a higher sense of need for control prefers things to get performed with specific procedures. As a result of getting excessive controlling, she ends up having difficulty in delegating since she wants to remain in a certain position of command over her staff (Narayana Reddy, Appannaiah & Sathyaprasad, 2010). These difficulties can get overcome when the manager do away with the fear of getting shown up. In this case, the subordinates should not boast that they have outperformed their manager when given the chance to do so. These difficulties can get overcome if the manager builds trust with all the staff members. This will make the manager feel secure that all the employees have the capability of undertaking a task by following the set guidelines. The difficulties in duties delegation can get overcome when the manager creates time to recollect herself conduct a simple study and identify the specific employees who can undertake specific tasks. This will help the manager to pass on the some of the responsibilities to other staff members hence enhancing the delegation. A manager should reduce the tendency of having the need for control, and, therefore, accommodate

Week Four Reflection Essay Example for Free

Week Four Reflection Essay Team A will discuss the objective, which consist of analyzing the influence of the debt in the United States economy, and explain the impact that surplus and deficits has on the health of the United States macroeconomy. To analyze the influence of the deficit, surplus, and debt on the health of the United States macroeconomy you have to understand what exactly is deficit and surplus. A deficit is a shortfall of revenues are under payments, and a surplus is the excess of revenues are over payments. The influence of surplus and deficit on the economy differs in the short-term framework and the long-term framework. In a short-term framework the view of deficits and surplus certainly depends on the current state of the U.S. economy relative to the economy potential output. In a long-term framework surpluses are good they provide additional savings for the economy. In a long-term framework deficits are view as bad because they reduce growth, income, and savings, but if the U.S. economy is operating below the potential its deficits is view as good for the economy. This is because deficits increase expenditures increasing the economy output closer to its potential. To understand how debt influences the U.S. economy you have to understand what a debt is. A debt is the accumulated deficit minus the accumulated surplus, where you have surpluses and deficits which are flow concepts or measures that is defined for a certain period in the economy. As an American it is important to always to knowhow debt, surplus, and deficit affect the U.S. economy. This effects the economy from expenditure to every paycheck these transactions affects the flow of the marcoeconomy. This week chapter 17 and 18 covers the importance of surplus, deficit, and debt in depth. It also covers how to finance the deficit as well as viewing deficits and surpluses as a summary measure. Buy knowing what policy directive to follow gives the policy makers the tools to recommend on rather the economy will need a long-term framework approach or a short-term framework approach. In the U.S. economy current condition, if the United States keep spending more than our annually income you can bet that the worse is still to come. References (Macroeconomics 8e, ch17 Author: David C. Colander copyright  © 2010 McGraw-Hill)

Julian Assange Versus The World Media Essay

Julian Assange Versus The World Media Essay Breathing, drinking, eating, going to the toilet, sleeping, and checking your Facebook profile: nowadays, these are the actions which basically constitute the largest portion of our daily activities. But one of these items doesnt fit very perfectly into this list. Today, there are 900 million people who have a Facebook account and they all spend more than 700 billion minutes a month logged on to this social network, according to Seth Harden (2012). Hence, we are all responsible, indirectly, of Mark Zuckerbergs nomination as Person of the Year by Time Magazine for 2010. Since 1927, Time Magazine has been honoring certain notions a person, an object, or even a concept that are deemed most influential on our society each year. But what does this whole networking platform add to our lives? What does it possess that is so special and why has it changed the course of our lives permanently maybe? Another candidate for the award was Julian Assange, the founder of Wikileaks, an Australian international organization that brings up massively important news and information that should have been secret to the public. When looking at the controversy raised all around the world by Time Magazines decision of awarding Zuckerberg with the Man of the Year Award over Assange in December 2010, one would suggest finding out whether the Wikileaks founder would have been a better choice than Facebooks CEO, since he has exposed news and information that has been much more beneficial to our societies worldwide despite the fact that many would argue that Facebook has influenced our culture like no other previous phenomenon. Born on May 14, 1984 in Dobbs Ferry, New York, Mark Zuckerberg was already a computer programmer at the age of 12. During his first year at Harvard University, Zuckerberg developed a face-selection online program called The Face Book. Its main purpose was to allow its users to choose between two girl faces based on who is hot and who is not! This project then evolved into becoming a certain type of social network The Harvard Connection. After dropping out from Harvard, Zuckerbergs project became the social network known as Facebook and reached a million users within its first few months. (Mark Zuckerberg, 2011). According to Angela Lewis (2010), she asserts that Facebook is the second most visited website in the world, and  the fastest growing demographic 35-plus group. (p.1). As a result of Facebooks popularity, Mark Zuckerberg has become the twenty-fifth most powerful man alive and the thirty-fifth youngest billionaire in the world (Worlds Most Powerful People, 2012) . However, Zuckerbergs wealth and power solely depends on us, the users of his social network who are unaware that the whole Facebook phenomenon does nothing but benefit its creator. Today, as Facebook users, we have become Facebook dependent. In a recent research about Facebook addiction conducted by the University of Bergen in 2012, results have shown that since Facebook became as ubiquitous as television in our everyday lives, it is becoming increasingly difficult for many people to know if they are addicted to social media. Indeed, Facebook addiction has become such an overwhelming phenomenon that has invaded our societies worldwide. This new type of addiction is very similar to other types of dependencies. Addiction to smoking is an obvious example. Studies have shown that it displays similar characteristics to any sort of addiction: The user thinks that he is doing something productive when he clearly is not. He believes that his life would be less fun without it, despite having a totally different open world waiting for him. In addition to all of that, the addicted user considers it harmless when in fact the addiction greatly impacts his productivity, conc entration, self-esteem and well-being; finally, he thinks it is cool when in fact it is not. (PressWire, 2012). This is not only the case with Facebook. Twitter and other social networks have been considered objects of addiction as well. People using these social networks are totally unaware of the fact that their whole life is at stake when logging onto the social platform and exchanging information with friends, family members, or any random fellow user. Basically, many of us do not have the habit of reading the Terms and Policy of any online website we subscribe to. Hence, we are definitely missing out on details that might be fatal for our security. For instance, Facebook keeps track of ones online activity while logged onto the social network. In other words, it knows what other websites the user is using and precisely what he is doing. Furthermore, Facebooks policy states that all media or information published by any user is definitely public and the Facebook team is free to access it anytime it wishes to. Finally, if a user decides to delete or deactivate his/her account, his personal information will still exist in the Facebook databases; in other words, there is no such thing as privacy on these kind of social platforms. Simply, Facebook is doing nothing but wasting our time, our lives, and our ambition. It destroys our privacy and, based on a study conducted in 2010 on children and teenagers who use Facebook and Twitter in Australia, results show that these websites only contribute by making kids dumber (The Hindustan Times). Therefore, we might consider Mark Zuckerberg a privacy thief or an international serial killer whose victims are peoples minds and imaginations. However, one must not blame him alone, but blame all Facebook users for their unawareness. Time Magazine awarded Zuckerberg the Person of the Year award in 2010 for his work in the development and easing of communication around the world, despite creating a worldwide addiction and mani pulating users personal information. Despite all of Facebooks negativities, many consider Zuckerberg a hero that has influenced the course of our daily lives. They claim that Facebook allows them to communicate with their families all around the world, as well as get in touch with the outside world, meet new people, and share their experiences. Some even dare to postulate that Facebook is a way to relieve stress, and others support Zuckerberg just because Facebook is a medium through which one can post his/her photos, which is totally absurd. For starters, concerning the revolutionary idea of Facebook, we all basically know that communicating with friends, family and coworkers in an interactive way is easily done through Skype since the year 2002. Moreover, one must note that Skype provides us with its services without the need to communicate personal information with the headquarters. Moreover, regarding the argument which states that Facebook helps in making new friends, one would simply suggest that there is actually no better way to make friends than going out to the real world, socializing with the people at the school, university or the workplace. But let us assume for a moment, that genuine friendships could be made through a social network. One cannot be sure whom he is talking to and sharing his experiences, photos, thoughts and personal information with. The probability of communicating these private photos and facts of ones life to a hacker is very high. No real friendships exist on Facebook. When someone has a thousand friends or more on Facebook, do you think that he/she really knows all these people? Are they really friends? Should they be called friends in the first place? Scientists have proven that having more than 150 friends at a time is irrational and impossible. Finally, doctors have got the answer for those claiming that Facebook is stress-relieving: Facebook users with more friends suffer more stress and neurotic limbo from feeling they have to continually update and amuse t heir larger audiences, according to a research conducted by Dr. Kathy Charles at the University of Edinburgh in 2011 (J-A.Barnes, 2012). A better and more efficient way to reduce stress is to run, walk, and work out. Therefore, we may conclude that there is no solid and concrete reason leading to award Mark Zuckerberg with the Person of the Year 2010 title over other candidates that have really influenced the course of the international political scene in the same year. The competitions runner-up and overwhelming reader favorite, Julian Assange, is a forty two year old activist, publisher and journalist who is mostly renowned for being the founder and editor-in-chief of  Wikileaks. Despite, winning first place in the online survey, Time Magazine rejected the voters will and selected Mark Zuckerberg as Man of the Year. In his youth, Assange was a  hacker-activist who then became a computer programmer and journalist, winning the 2011  Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism for his contributions to freedom of speech all around the world with Wikileaks (Davin, 2011). He was prosecuted in 2011 for rape in Sweden but was convinced that my [his] prosecution for rape in the Swedish courts was engineered by vengeful U.S. intelligence. Today, after being imprisoned several times in the past couple of years, he is in political asylum, granted to him on August 16th 2012, by the Ecuadorian  Foreign Minister. As stated on their official webpage, Wikileaks i s a non-profit media organization. Since 2007, its goal was to bring important news and information to the public and provide an innovative, secure and anonymous way for sources to leak information to its journalists. One of Wikileaks most important activities is to publish original source material alongside news stories so that readers and historians alike can see evidence of the truth. Wikileaks has sustained and triumphed against legal and political attacks designed to silence the publishing organization, journalists and anonymous sources. According to Time Magazine (2011), regardless of what happened or happens to Assange, which he will almost certainly not deserve, the construction of stateless, secure and indestructible Internet drop boxes through which anonymous Internet users can access to circulate highly important data to is an unprecedented innovation. Secrets will never be safe again, or more specifically, they will never be hidden from the people again. Showing his true goal through the Wikileaks project, Julian Assange was asked on the December 19th 2010 episode of Saturday Night Live What are the differences between Mark Zuckerberg and me [him]? and answered ironically that I [he] give private information on corporations to you for free, and Im a villain. Zuckerberg gives your private information to corporations for money and hes Man of the Year. Therefore, Wikileaks may change things in a permanent ongoing way. By uncovering the truth on the political and geopolitical scenes all around the world through an open and privacy-free platform such as the Internet, Wikileaks has radically changed the way we perceive social media, politics and diplomatic relations between governments in a positive manner. Moreover, it has raised awareness among the world population concerning transparency and the honesty of governments towards the people. However, the whole Wikileaks organization is facing worldwide opposition, especially by the governments. For instance, according to the Washington Post, The Obama administration warned Wikileaks chief Julian Assange that the expected release of approximately 250,000 secret State Department documents would have grave consequences and place the lives of journalists, human rights activists and soldiers, at risk (G. Kessler, 28 November  2010) showing that the United States of America are ready to endanger their civilians violate journalists rights in order to keep its secrets away from the public. In addition, a law has been voted on recently condemning every individual living in the United States to a minimum sentence of 2 years in jail in case he/she decides to share information with Wikileaks, showing once more how the Obama administration is resolved to oppress the freedom of speech and opinion. Therefore, regardless of whether one only considers positive events on choosing the Pe rson of the Year, the choice may have been more credible or simply more adequate, to have Julian Assange as Person of the Year 2010. Meanwhile, some opposite viewpoints may state that Wikileaks is harmful towards a countrys national security and assume that it is the sole reason behind depriving Assange the Man of the Year title. As they may see it, the people holding these points of views think that the whole organization causes a wave of protest against the political and governing class inside a country, hence disturbing its national security and prosperity. These arguments are most commonly held by people close to the reigning regime or class. They need to keep their interests secure at all price, and would do whatever that is in their power to stop any opposition to their system. This notion gives us an idea of what director Michael Moore discusses throughout his movies and how he describes his conspiracy theory, which becomes clearer day after day, and revealed secret after revealed secret. These classes of people governing the world, these self-centered egoistic maniacs who control the media through their ow n TV stations only think about their interests, their final income, their next target and so onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ they are living their sick life regardless of the peoples will, despite being in the position they are in thanks to them. The people have rights: they have the right to know, especially to know what is really happening behind the walls, in offices, and underneath the tables. It is our right to know whether we are being lied to each and every day. If we were subject to treason in any way, we have the right to manifest and contest the political system governing our country in order to achieve total justice within it. That is why the argument mostly used by this kind of people is not solid. It is simply biased and by no means objective. In conclusion, one may easily doubt the Man of the Year awards credibility and the criteria used in order to award a certain individual, object or concept. However, in the Time press release, Mark Zuckerberg said At a very high level, some of the themes [Facebook and Wikileaks] could be connectedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the Wikileaks story I think is fascinating but I also dont think were anywhere near the end of it. (Zuckerberg, December 2011) The Facebook CEOs statement suggests that although Facebook has brought many changes to our social life, if Wikileaks path is finally more publically supported, spreading knowledge and avoiding public deception, then Julian Assange is clearly the man who will have improved more lives and even saved them. However, he  has been maligned in the press, thrown in jail, and had his name dragged through the mud. On the same Saturday Night Live episode stated earlier, he sarcastically stated that thanks to Wikileaks, you can see how corrupt governments operat e in the shadows and lie to those who elect them. Thanks to Facebook, you can finally figure out which Sex and the City character you areIm a Samantha, but if the Swedish police ask, Im a Charlotte. showing the superficiality and uselessness of a project such as Facebook. Finally, one may ask: Will anyone remember this title in a few years? I think probably not. Winners of such awards are often related to events that seem like a much bigger deal at the time. For instance, does anyone recall why Vladimir Putin won it a couple of years ago?

Rent Control: Pros And Cons :: Rent Control New York Argumentative Essays

Rent Control: Pros and Cons Rent control is the government imposition of price ceilings on rent for apartments in certain areas of a city. The goal is usually to protect the rights of the poor. Thus, in a rent controlled or rent stabilized building, the amount of rent will not increase as quickly as inflation. While the moral side of rent control may have some appeal, in the long run the disadvantages far outweigh the advantages. Those who argue in favor of rent control say that it is the only way to protect lower-income tenants from landlords who overprice, and from being forced to move out of a neighborhood because they cannot afford the rent. Limiting the price that a landlord can demand helps maintain a city's ethnic diversity and prevents the creation of slums on the outskirts of the main city. Another thing that proponents say is that by linking rent prices to apartment maintenance and material improvements, rent control actually improves the state of housing. Overall, they argue that the goals of rent control can be reached if they are administered in a careful and just way. The opponents, though, have both theoretical and practical experience on their side. First, rent control creates a market that is unfair for everyone. Since the rent is set at a lower than normal level, an unsatisfied demand is created. This increase in demand leads to an increase in the cost of rents in the uncontrolled sector. Thus, two types of rents are created: those that are unfairly cheap, and those that are unfairly expensive. Another problem that is created is that landlords who own rent controlled apartments are often not able to earn enough money to adequately maintain buildings. This leads to run-down, poor quality housing. In many cases, landlords lose so much money that they are not able to even pay the debt on the properties, and they abandon them. Both of these effects have been documented in New York and elsewhere, and go against the goals of rent control. Finally, rent control has the bad side effect of turning away new construction. This is because even if rent controls don't include new constructions, owners are afraid to build any new buildings if in a few years those too will be taken over by rent control. Rent control thus leads to less construction and an even greater unsatisfied demand. This, in turn, increases the rents of uncontrolled apartments even more. New constructions are also avoided because banks and insurance companies don't want to invest in areas where rent control is in effect, because they know that it is likely that landlords will not be able to Rent Control: Pros And Cons :: Rent Control New York Argumentative Essays Rent Control: Pros and Cons Rent control is the government imposition of price ceilings on rent for apartments in certain areas of a city. The goal is usually to protect the rights of the poor. Thus, in a rent controlled or rent stabilized building, the amount of rent will not increase as quickly as inflation. While the moral side of rent control may have some appeal, in the long run the disadvantages far outweigh the advantages. Those who argue in favor of rent control say that it is the only way to protect lower-income tenants from landlords who overprice, and from being forced to move out of a neighborhood because they cannot afford the rent. Limiting the price that a landlord can demand helps maintain a city's ethnic diversity and prevents the creation of slums on the outskirts of the main city. Another thing that proponents say is that by linking rent prices to apartment maintenance and material improvements, rent control actually improves the state of housing. Overall, they argue that the goals of rent control can be reached if they are administered in a careful and just way. The opponents, though, have both theoretical and practical experience on their side. First, rent control creates a market that is unfair for everyone. Since the rent is set at a lower than normal level, an unsatisfied demand is created. This increase in demand leads to an increase in the cost of rents in the uncontrolled sector. Thus, two types of rents are created: those that are unfairly cheap, and those that are unfairly expensive. Another problem that is created is that landlords who own rent controlled apartments are often not able to earn enough money to adequately maintain buildings. This leads to run-down, poor quality housing. In many cases, landlords lose so much money that they are not able to even pay the debt on the properties, and they abandon them. Both of these effects have been documented in New York and elsewhere, and go against the goals of rent control. Finally, rent control has the bad side effect of turning away new construction. This is because even if rent controls don't include new constructions, owners are afraid to build any new buildings if in a few years those too will be taken over by rent control. Rent control thus leads to less construction and an even greater unsatisfied demand. This, in turn, increases the rents of uncontrolled apartments even more. New constructions are also avoided because banks and insurance companies don't want to invest in areas where rent control is in effect, because they know that it is likely that landlords will not be able to